The Calling of St. Matthew, painted in 1621, exemplifies the Baroque art movement, characterized by dramatic expression, rich color, and intense light contrasts. This period, flourishing in Europe from the late 16th century to the early 18th century, sought to evoke emotional responses through art. Artists like Terbrugghen embraced realism and theatricality, drawing inspiration from the Counter-Reformation’s emphasis on religious themes.
Hendrick Terbrugghen (1588-1629) was a prominent Dutch painter, known for his association with the Utrecht Caravaggisti, a group influenced by Caravaggio’s style. Born in Utrecht, Terbrugghen studied in Italy, where he absorbed the techniques of chiaroscuro and naturalism. His return to the Netherlands marked a significant shift in Dutch painting, as he combined Italian influences with local traditions.
In the 17th century, Dutch painting often reflected the Protestant Reformation’s values. Artists like Terbrugghen focused on biblical narratives, emphasizing personal faith and moral lessons. The Calling of St. Matthew captures this essence, portraying a moment of divine intervention and spiritual awakening.
The composition of The Calling of St. Matthew is striking. Terbrugghen arranges the figures in a triangular formation, drawing the viewer’s eye towards Matthew, who sits at a table counting money. This layout creates a dynamic interaction between the characters, emphasizing the moment of calling.
Terbrugghen employs a rich color palette, dominated by deep browns, golds, and muted reds. These colors not only enhance the painting’s emotional depth but also symbolize the contrast between earthly wealth and spiritual enlightenment. The warm tones invite viewers to engage with the scene intimately.
Utilizing chiaroscuro, Terbrugghen masterfully contrasts light and shadow to create drama. The light illuminates Matthew’s face, highlighting his surprise and contemplation, while the surrounding figures remain shrouded in darkness. This technique enhances the painting’s narrative tension and draws attention to the moment of divine calling.
St. Matthew, one of the twelve apostles, is traditionally associated with the authorship of the Gospel of Matthew. His calling signifies the transformative power of faith, making him a compelling subject for Terbrugghen. The painting captures this pivotal moment, inviting viewers to reflect on their spiritual journeys.
The presence of money on the table symbolizes earthly temptation and materialism. Matthew’s gesture of reaching towards Christ signifies his choice to abandon wealth for spiritual fulfillment. This duality reflects the moral dilemmas faced by individuals in their pursuit of faith.
The Calling of St. Matthew presents a profound contrast between wealth and spirituality. Terbrugghen’s depiction encourages viewers to consider the transient nature of material possessions compared to the eternal value of faith. This theme resonates deeply within the context of 17th-century Dutch society.
Terbrugghen’s brushwork is meticulous, creating a rich texture that adds depth to the figures and their surroundings. His ability to render realistic skin tones and intricate details showcases his technical prowess, making the scene come alive.
Using layering techniques, Terbrugghen built up the painting gradually, allowing for a luminous quality in the colors. This method enhances the overall composition, giving it a sense of three-dimensionality that draws viewers into the narrative.
While Terbrugghen was influenced by Caravaggio, he developed a unique style that incorporated softer edges and a more intimate atmosphere. Both artists utilized chiaroscuro, but Terbrugghen’s work often reflects a more contemplative approach, focusing on the emotional and spiritual aspects of the scene.
Upon its completion, The Calling of St. Matthew received mixed reviews. Some praised Terbrugghen’s innovative approach, while others criticized his departure from traditional Dutch painting styles. Over time, however, the painting gained recognition for its emotional depth and technical skill.
Terbrugghen’s work significantly influenced subsequent generations of artists. His integration of Caravaggesque elements into Dutch painting paved the way for future Baroque artists, who sought to balance realism with emotional expression.
Today, The Calling of St. Matthew is housed in the National Gallery of Ireland, where it continues to captivate audiences. Its enduring significance lies in its ability to evoke contemplation and inspire discussions about faith and morality.
Experiencing The Calling of St. Matthew in person is a profound encounter. The scale and detail of the painting draw viewers into the moment, allowing for a personal connection with the narrative and its themes.
Many viewers report feeling a deep emotional response when observing the painting. The interplay of light and shadow, combined with the expressions of the figures, evokes a sense of spiritual awakening and reflection.
The themes presented in The Calling of St. Matthew remain relevant today. The struggle between materialism and spirituality continues to resonate, prompting viewers to consider their own values and choices in a modern context.
Hendrick Terbrugghen’s The Calling of St. Matthew stands as a testament to the power of Baroque art. Its intricate composition, emotional depth, and technical mastery highlight the artist’s significant contribution to the art world.
As a pivotal work in the history of art, The Calling of St. Matthew invites ongoing exploration and interpretation. Its legacy endures, inspiring both artists and viewers to reflect on the profound themes of faith, choice, and the human experience.
Thomas Okafor, Content Specialist
Thomas specializes in African art and its influence on Western modernism. He has conducted extensive fieldwork throughout Africa documenting traditional and contemporary art practices.
Specialization: African Art, Cultural Heritage
The Calling of St. Matthew by Hendrick Terbrugghen
Abraham Storck
Abraham Storck
Abraham Storck
Abraham Storck
Abraham Storck
Abraham Storck
